New Challenges
Hydrogen is at the forefront of the quest for cleaner energy solutions. The development of related technologies, such as fuel cells and hydrogen storage, highlights the need for components that can withstand the unique challenges that hydrogen environments present.
The energising spring, which plays a vital role in seal functionality, is one of these components. And not all springs are equal when it comes to hydrogen atmospheres.
Hydrogen Embrittlement
When hydrogen encounters typical spring metals, like stainless steel, the hydrogen molecules can infiltrate the atomic lattice. Known as hydrogen embrittlement, this process creates internal pressure and causes microstructural changes. The molecules congregate at the point of highest stress, causing the metal to become brittle and potentially snap at that point. At a minimum the spring’s structural integrity and durability is compromised. At worst the broken component can lead to catastrophic failures and safety hazards in critical applications. If the spring fails, the seal will fail, potentially leading to a hydrogen leak.
Exotic alloys are a great alternative, overcoming the limitations of traditional metals, Energising springs made from exotic alloys show a greater resistance to hydrogen embrittlement, maintaining mechanical properties even when exposed to high hydrogen concentrations. This makes them an appealing choice for these demanding environments.
Exotic Alloys – Specific benefits:
- Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance as a result of their composition and microstructure
- Enhanced Durability and Performance, minimising the risk of unexpected failures caused by hydrogen embrittlement.
- Extended Service Life without compromise to structural integrity.
- Safety and Reliability, the reduced likelihood of spring failures minimises the potential for leaks or system malfunctions, which would have severe consequences in critical environments.
At Clifford Springs our experienced engineers and investment in the latest machinery keeps us at the forefront of the advanced machining techniques and careful heat treatment processes required to maintain desirable properties in exotic alloys.
We can also advise on which of the exotic alloys might be most appropriate for your needs. Nickel-based alloys, precipitation-hardened stainless steels, and titanium alloys are among the popular choices.
- Nickel-Based Alloys, such as Inconel, offer exceptional resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. High strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and superior thermal stability, makes them ideal for demanding hydrogen environments.
- Precipitation-Hardened Stainless Steels feature carefully controlled additions of elements like chromium, nickel, and molybdenum. Precipitation hardening allows for the formation of finely dispersed precipitates, strengthening the material and improving resistance to hydrogen embrittlement.
- Titanium Alloys, are lightweight, have excellent strength-to-weight ratio, and exhibit impressive resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. Low hydrogen solubility and strong affinity for oxygen contributes to their exceptional performance in hydrogen-rich environments.
Click here to find out more about the range of materials we can supply.
Looking for an energising spring to work in your hydrogen rich environment? Speak to our Technical Sales Manager, Graham Fowler today. E: graham.fowler@cliffordsprings.co.uk T: +44 (0)1527 62876